Heart & Cardiovascular
The cardiovascular system comprises the heart and closed vascular network responsible for propelling oxygenated blood and nutrients to peripheral tissues while returning deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
Quantitative Metrics & Physiological Scale
Right and left atria and ventricles with unidirectional valves
Combined length of arteries, veins, and microscopic capillaries
Average resting systemic blood volume pumped per minute
Physiological Sinoatrial (SA) node pacing cadence
Physiological Role & Homeostasis
High-pressure continuous delivery of oxygenated hemoglobin and glucose to vital organs
Systemic clearance of carbon dioxide and nitrogenous metabolic byproducts
Thermoregulatory heat dissipation and neuroendocrine hormone transport
Systemic Circulation vs Pulmonary Circulation
| Feature / 比较维度 | Systemic Circulation / 体循环 | Pulmonary Circulation / 肺循环 |
|---|---|---|
| Driving Chamber / 驱动心室 | Left Ventricle (thick muscular wall) / 左心室（肌壁厚度约 10-12 mm） | Right Ventricle (low resistance) / 右心室（肌壁厚度约 3-4 mm） |
| Arterial Blood Status / 动脉血含氧特征 | Oxygen-rich blood (SpO2 ~98%) / 富氧血（鲜红，血氧饱和度 ~98%） | Deoxygenated blood / 乏氧血（暗红，呈静脉血生化特征） |
| Terminal Destination / 主要灌注目标 | All peripheral tissues & organs / 全身骨骼肌、内脏与中枢神经组织 | Pulmonary alveolar capillaries / 肺泡周围毛细血管网（实施气体弥散） |
| Working Pressure / 正常生理工作压力 | High pressure regime (~120/80 mmHg) / 高压系统（~120/80 mmHg） | Low pressure regime (~25/10 mmHg) / 低压低阻力系统（~25/10 mmHg） |
Vital Organs & Structures
How to Study This System in 3D
Isolate the heart to observe the aortic root, pulmonary trunk bifurcation, and coronary grooves in 3D.
Enable both Arterial and Venous layers to visualize systemic vs pulmonary circuit spatial hierarchy.
Explore Synergistic Anatomical Systems
For educational use only; not medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.